@Article{ford:rail,
  author = {Daniel A. Ford and Robert J.~T. Morris and Alan E. Bell},
  title = {Redundant arrays of independent libraries ({RAIL}): the {StarFish}
  tertiary storage system},
  journal = {Parallel Computing},
  year = {1998},
  month = {January},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {45--64},
  URL = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8191(97)00116-6},
  keywords = {parallel I/O, redundant data, striping, tertiary storage,
  pario-bib},
  abstract = {Increased computer networking has sparked a resurgence of the
  `on-line' revolution of the 1970's, making ever larger amounts of data
  available on a world wide basis and placing greater demands on the
  performance and availability of tertiary storage systems. In this paper, we
  argue for a new approach to tertiary storage system architecture that is
  obtained by coupling multiple small and inexpensive `building block'
  libraries (or jukeboxes) together to create larger tertiary storage systems.
  We call the resulting system a RAIL and show that it has performance and
  availability characteristics superior to conventional tertiary storage
  systems, for almost the same dollar/megabyte cost. A RAIL system is the
  tertiary storage equivalent of a fixed magnetic disk RAID storage system, but
  with several additional features that enable the ideas of data striping and
  redundancy to function efficiently on dismountable media and robotic media
  mounting systems. We present the architecture of such a system called
  Starfish I and describe the implementation of a prototype. We also introduce
  the idea of creating a log-structured library array (LSLA) on top of a RAIL
  architecture (StarFish II) and show how it can have write performance
  equivalent to that of secondary storage, and improved read performance along
  with other advantages such as easier compression and the elimination of the
  4*RAID/RAIL write penalty.},
  comment = {Part of a special issue.}
}